vagrant 是一个虚拟机管理工具 (虚拟机编排工具)，使用方式有点类似于 docker-compose，这个工具的优势就是可以把手动安装虚拟机这个操作转换成通过代码来控制虚拟机
有点类似于使用 dockerfile 来构建 docker 镜像的感觉。

常用命令

命令 作用
vagrant init 生成 vagrantfile 文件
vagrant up 启动虚拟机
vagent halt 关闭虚拟机
vagrant box list 查看安装的 box（虚拟机镜像）
vagrant box add centos/7 安装 box（虚拟机镜像）
vagrant ssh (hostname) 通过 ssh 连接

常用 vagrantfile

批量创建虚拟机

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# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

servers = {
    :client => '172.16.2.10',
    :master1 => '172.16.2.11',
    :master2 => '172.16.2.12',
    :master3 => '172.16.2.13',
    :worker1 => '172.16.2.21',
    :worker2 => '172.16.2.22'
}

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/focal64"
  config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # 自动插入hosts
  # vagrant plugin install vagrant-hostmanager
  config.hostmanager.enabled = true
  config.hostmanager.manage_host = true
  config.hostmanager.manage_guest = true
  config.hostmanager.ignore_private_ip = false
  config.hostmanager.include_offline = true

  servers.each do |server_name, server_ip|
    config.vm.define server_name do |server_config|
      server_config.vm.hostname = "#{server_name.to_s}"
      server_config.vm.network :private_network, ip: server_ip
      server_config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
        vb.name = server_name.to_s
        vb.memory = "4096"
        vb.cpus = 4
      end
    end
  end
end

循环创建虚拟机

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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|

  (1..3).each do |i|
    config.vm.define "node#{i}" do |node|
      node.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
      node.vm.hostname="node#{i}"
      node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.59.#{i}"
      node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
        v.name = "node#{i}"
        v.memory = 2048
        v.cpus = 1
      end
                  
      node.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
        wget -qO- https://get.docker.com/ | sed 's/docker-engine/docker-engine=1.11.0-0~trusty/' | sh
        usermod -aG docker vagrant
      SHELL
    end
  end
end

多次定义安装虚拟机

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# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.define "master" do |master|
    master.vm.box = "centos/7"
    master.vm.provider "virtualbox"
    master.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.10.0.10"
    master.vm.synced_folder "/home/iuxt/code/system-deployment/configuration/puppet/modules", "/etc/puppetlabs/code/modules",create: true,owner: "root", group: "root",mount_options:["dmode=775","fmode=644"]
    master.vm.synced_folder "/home/iuxt/code/system-deployment/configuration/puppet/environments/production/manifests", "/etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/manifests",create: true,owner: "root", group: "root",mount_options:["dmode=775","fmode=644"]
    master.vm.hostname = "puppet-master"
    master.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      vb.gui = false
      vb.memory = "4096"
      vb.cpus = "2"
    end
    master.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
       sudo rpm -Uvh https://yum.puppet.com/puppet6-release-el-7.noarch.rpm
       yum install puppetserver -y
       echo "127.0.0.1 puppet" >> /etc/hosts
    SHELL
  end

  config.vm.define "agent" do |agent|
    agent.vm.box = "centos/7"
    agent.vm.provider "virtualbox"
    agent.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.10.0.11"
    agent.vm.hostname = "puppet-agent"
    agent.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      vb.gui = false
      vb.memory = "4096"
      vb.cpus = "2"
    end
    agent.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
       sudo rpm -Uvh https://yum.puppet.com/puppet6-release-el-7.noarch.rpm
       yum install puppet -y
       echo "10.0.0.10 puppet" >> /etc/hosts
    SHELL
  end
end

常用插件

自动管理 hosts

插件官网：https://github.com/devopsgroup-io/vagrant-hostmanager

安装插件

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vagrant plugin install vagrant-hostmanager

启用

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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.hostmanager.enabled = true
  config.hostmanager.manage_host = true
  config.hostmanager.manage_guest = true
  config.hostmanager.ignore_private_ip = false
  config.hostmanager.include_offline = true
  config.vm.define 'example-box' do |node|
    node.vm.hostname = 'example-box-hostname'
    node.vm.network :private_network, ip: '192.168.42.42'
    node.hostmanager.aliases = %w(example-box.localdomain example-box-alias)
  end
end

挂载本机目录到虚拟机

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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
    config.vm.define "master" do |master|
    master.vm.box = "centos/7"
    master.vm.provider "virtualbox"
    master.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.10.0.10"
    master.vm.synced_folder "/home/iuxt/code/system-deployment/configuration/puppet/modules", "/etc/puppetlabs/code/modules",create: true,owner: "root", group: "root",mount_options:["dmode=775","fmode=644"]

这里可能会提示：mount: unknown filesystem type 'vboxsf'，这是因为虚拟机没有自带 vbox guest agent, 以前的 centos 是 vagrant 自己打包的，都是带 vbox guest agent 的，但是现在 vagrant 下载 centos 的 box 的时候会重定向到 centos 官网，这个 box 是不带 vbox guest agent 的，解决办法有以下：

  1. 更换镜像为 generic/centos7, 镜像官网：https://roboxes.org/
  2. 自己安装好再重新打包 box
  3. 安装 vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest，这个插件可以自动挂载 iso，然后安装。
  4. 更换增加 type 参数，使用 nfs 或 smb 来和虚拟机共享，需要主机安装 nfs 或 smb 服务。