如有特殊需求需要编译安装MySQL请看编译安装MySQL5.7
准备工作
卸载系统中的MySQL或mariadb
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| rpm -qa | grep mysql
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
yum remove xxx
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下载二进制安装包
MySQL官网
选择操作系统为 Linux-Generic
选择下载文件名为：mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
当然也可以用wget直接下载
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| wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
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创建用户
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| useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -r mysql
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安装依赖包
为了避免执行mysql命令报错ibncurses.so.5或者libnuma.so.1找不到
设置安装路径
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| export BASE_DIR="/usr/local/mysql"
export DATA_DIR="/data/mysql"
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解压安装包
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| tar -xf mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
ln -s ${BASE_DIR}-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ ${BASE_DIR}
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初始化数据库
创建数据保存目录
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| mkdir -p ${DATA_DIR}/{binlog,data,logs,redolog,relaylog,tmp,undolog}
mkdir -p ${BASE_DIR}/etc
chown -R mysql.mysql ${DATA_DIR}
touch ${DATA_DIR}/logs/error_mysqld.log
chown -R mysql.mysql ${DATA_DIR}/logs/error_mysqld.log
chown -R mysql.mysql ${BASE_DIR}
chown -R mysql.mysql ${BASE_DIR}-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
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initialize
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| ${BASE_DIR}/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=${BASE_DIR} --datadir=${DATA_DIR}/data
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配置文件与服务
创建最小化配置文件
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| cat > ${BASE_DIR}/etc/my.cnf <<-EOF
## MySQL 5.7 Configuration File
[mysqld]
## General
user = mysql
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
port = 3306
basedir = ${BASE_DIR}/
datadir = ${DATA_DIR}/data
tmpdir = ${DATA_DIR}/tmp
socket = ${DATA_DIR}/logs/mysql.sock
pid-file = ${DATA_DIR}/logs/mysqld.pid
character_set_server = utf8
skip-symbolic-links
skip_name_resolve = ON
skip_external_locking = ON
performance_schema = ON # default ON
performance-schema-instrument = 'memory/%=ON'
#lower_case_table_names = 0 # default 0
### Storage Engines
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
## InnoDB
innodb_log_group_home_dir = ${DATA_DIR}/redolog/
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_rollback_segments = 128 # defautl 128
innodb_undo_directory = ${DATA_DIR}/undolog/
innodb_open_files = 4000
innodb_thread_concurrency = 32
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_timeout = 1 # defautl 1, when innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0 or 2
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = ON
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 70
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_old_blocks_time = 1000 # since 5.6.6 default 1000
innodb_io_capacity = 600 # default 200
innodb_io_capacity_max = 2000 # default 2000
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 1024 # default 1024
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = ON
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = ON
innodb_buffer_pool_filename = ib_buffer_pool # default ib_buffer_pool
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 64M # default 1M , 64K - 64M , for change index
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
innodb_page_cleaners = 16
innodb_undo_log_truncate = ON
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
## Gtid
#gtid_mode = ON
#enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
#binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
## Replication
server_id = 101
log_bin = ${DATA_DIR}/binlog/mysql_bin
expire_logs_days = 7
binlog_format = ROW
binlog_row_image = noblob # default full
#innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2 # default 1
binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
max_binlog_size = 500M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
sync_binlog = 1
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
skip-slave-start = 1
relay_log = ${DATA_DIR}/relaylog/relay_log
max_relay_log_size = 500M # default 0, use max_binlog_size
log_slave_updates = ON # default OFF
slave_transaction_retries = 128
## MTS
relay_log_recovery = 1
## Logging
log_output = FILE
slow_query_log = ON
slow_query_log_file = ${DATA_DIR}/logs/slow_mysqld.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = OFF # default OFF
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10 # default 0
min_examined_row_limit = 0 # default 0
log_slow_admin_statements = ON
log_slow_slave_statements = ON
long_query_time = 1
#log-short-format = 0
log_error = ${DATA_DIR}/logs/error_mysqld.log
general_log = OFF
general_log_file = ${DATA_DIR}/logs/general_mysqld.log
log_timestamps = system
## Index
ft_min_word_len = 4
[mysqld_safe]
open_files_limit = 65535
[mysql]
no_auto_rehash
prompt = "MySQL [\\d] > "
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 256M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive_timeout
[client]
socket = ${DATA_DIR}/logs/mysql.sock
EOF
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做软链接
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| mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
ln -s ${BASE_DIR}/etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
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生成systemd配置
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| cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service <<-EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=${BASE_DIR}/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
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启动服务
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| systemctl enable --now mysql
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优化工作
添加环境变量
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| if [ "$( grep "${BASE_DIR}/bin" /etc/profile | wc -l )" -eq 0 ]; then
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:${BASE_DIR}/bin" >> /etc/profile
else
echo "PATH变量已添加"
fi
source /etc/profile
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修改root密码
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mysql -uroot -hlocalhost -p
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| ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Vb6CAEJqqtcmKndiAkEl';
CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Vb6CAEJqqtcmKndiAkEl';
Grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;
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