现代 Linux 发行版都采用 systemd 管理系统，systemd 体系也提供了基础的 timesyncd 服务来实现 SNTP 客户端，可以替代传统的 ntpd 来实现主机 NTP 同步 (客户端)。虽然不能作为 NTP 服务器，但是精简的 systemd-timesyncd 可以实现非常轻量级的时钟同步功能。

systemd-timesyncd 是通过网络提供系统时钟同步的服务，实现了 SNTP client。和 NTP 实现 chrony ntp 服务不同， systemd-timesyncd 只实现客户端功能，而不是实现完整的 NTP，聚焦于从远程服务器查询时间并同步到本地时钟。除非你需要需要为网络中其他 NTP 客户端提供服务或者需要连接本地硬件时钟，否则一个简单的 NTP 客户端，例如 systemd-timesyncd ，往往是最好的解决方案。这个时钟同步客户端运行只需要最小的权限。每次新的 NTP 同步请求发起，timesyncd 服务就把当前时钟保存到磁盘，并使用它来矫正启动时的系统时钟，这样就适合用于缺少 RTC 的设备，例如 Raspberry Pi 或者嵌入设备，可以确保这些系统时钟正确。需要注意，在安装 Systemd进程管理器 时候需要确保创建一个名为 systemd-timesync 的用户和组。

配置

  • 安装:

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    yum install systemd-timesyncd

  • 激活:

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    systemctl enable systemd-timesyncd.service
    systemctl start systemd-timesyncd.service

当 systemd-timesyncd 启动时会读取 /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf 配置，所以如果要修订配置，例如更改时钟服务器，则类似:

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[Time]
NTP=0.arch.pool.ntp.org 1.arch.pool.ntp.org 2.arch.pool.ntp.org 3.arch.pool.ntp.org
FallbackNTP=0.pool.ntp.org 1.pool.ntp.org 0.fr.pool.ntp.org

  • 要验证配置，执行:

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    timedatectl show-timesync --all

显示类似:

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LinkNTPServers=
SystemNTPServers=
FallbackNTPServers=0.rhel.pool.ntp.org 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org 3.rhel.pool.ntp.org
ServerName=0.rhel.pool.ntp.org
ServerAddress=124.108.20.1
RootDistanceMaxUSec=5s
PollIntervalMinUSec=32s
PollIntervalMaxUSec=34min 8s
PollIntervalUSec=32s
NTPMessage={ Leap=0, Version=4, Mode=4, Stratum=2, Precision=-25, RootDelay=19.866ms, RootDispersion=1.800ms, Reference=D8DAC0CA, OriginateTimestamp=Fri 2021-05-28 16:23:26 CST, ReceiveTimestamp=Fri 2021-05-28 16:23:34 CST, TransmitTimestamp=Fri 2021-05-28 16:23:34 CST, DestinationTimestamp=Fri 2021-05-28 16:23:26 CST, Ignored=no PacketCount=1, Jitter=0  }
Frequency=0

timedatectl 和 timesyncd

  • 使用 timedatectl status 可以检查时钟状况:

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    timedatectl status

输出显示:

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    Local time: Tue 2018-05-01 21:54:24 CST
Universal time: Tue 2018-05-01 13:54:24 UTC
      RTC time: Tue 2018-05-01 13:54:24
     Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
Network time on: yes
NTP synchronized: yes
RTC in local TZ: no

如果上述显示输出中:

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               Local time: Fri 2021-05-28 16:24:59 CST
           Universal time: Fri 2021-05-28 08:24:59 UTC
                 RTC time: Fri 2021-05-28 16:24:57
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: inactive
          RTC in local TZ: yes

Warning: The system is configured to read the RTC time in the local time zone.
         This mode cannot be fully supported. It will create various problems
         with time zone changes and daylight saving time adjustments. The RTC
         time is never updated, it relies on external facilities to maintain it.
         If at all possible, use RTC in UTC by calling
         'timedatectl set-local-rtc 0'.

可以看到:

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NTP service: inactive

实际上没有激活，所以我们通过以下命令激活:

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timedatectl set-ntp true

然后再次检查 timedatectl status 可以看到:

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...
              NTP service: active
...

此外，按照提示，关闭从本地时区读取 RTC 时间:

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timedatectl set-local-rtc 0

完成后再次检查 timedatectl status 可以看到:

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               Local time: Fri 2021-05-28 16:29:18 CST
           Universal time: Fri 2021-05-28 08:29:18 UTC
                 RTC time: Fri 2021-05-28 08:29:18
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: no

  • 检查服务详细信息:

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    timedatectl timesync-status

可以看到类似输出:

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       Server: 124.108.20.1 (0.rhel.pool.ntp.org)
Poll interval: 1min 4s (min: 32s; max 34min 8s)
         Leap: normal
      Version: 4
      Stratum: 2
    Reference: D8DAC0CA
    Precision: 1us (-25)
Root distance: 11.275ms (max: 5s)
       Offset: -14.956ms
        Delay: 186.719ms
       Jitter: 0
 Packet count: 1
    Frequency: +28.703ppm

  • 检查时钟同步情况:

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    systemctl status systemd-timesyncd

显示输出:

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● systemd-timesyncd.service - Network Time Synchronization
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-timesyncd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
  Drop-In: /lib/systemd/system/systemd-timesyncd.service.d
           └─disable-with-time-daemon.conf
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-04-16 10:33:42 CST; 2 weeks 1 days ago
     Docs: man:systemd-timesyncd.service(8)
 Main PID: 910 (systemd-timesyn)
   Status: "Synchronized to time server 91.189.91.157:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com)."
    Tasks: 2
   Memory: 2.2M
      CPU: 2.710s
   CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-timesyncd.service
           └─910 /lib/systemd/systemd-timesyncd

Apr 29 07:30:24 devstack systemd-timesyncd[910]: Timed out waiting for reply from 91.189.91.157:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
Apr 29 07:30:24 devstack systemd-timesyncd[910]: Synchronized to time server 91.189.94.4:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
Apr 29 09:14:36 devstack systemd-timesyncd[910]: Timed out waiting for reply from 91.189.94.4:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
Apr 29 09:14:46 devstack systemd-timesyncd[910]: Timed out waiting for reply from 91.189.89.198:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
Apr 29 09:14:56 devstack systemd-timesyncd[910]: Timed out waiting for reply from 91.189.89.199:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
Apr 29 09:49:06 devstack systemd-timesyncd[910]: Synchronized to time server 91.189.89.199:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
Apr 29 13:52:01 devstack systemd-timesyncd[910]: Timed out waiting for reply from 91.189.89.199:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
Apr 29 13:52:11 devstack systemd-timesyncd[910]: Timed out waiting for reply from 91.189.89.198:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
Apr 29 13:52:21 devstack systemd-timesyncd[910]: Timed out waiting for reply from 91.189.94.4:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
Apr 29 13:52:22 devstack systemd-timesyncd[910]: Synchronized to time server 91.189.91.157:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).

  • 在 /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf 设置 timedatectl 和 timesyncd 获取时钟值的服务器，并且详细配置可以在 /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf.d/ 目录下找到

  • 在 /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf 中配置了 timedatectl 访问的服务器，这里配置局域网中自建的 部署NTP服务(集群)

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    [Time]
    NTP=192.168.6.11

  • 重启 systemd-timesyncd 服务:

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    sudo systemctl restart systemd-timesyncd

  • 检查和指定 NTP 服务器同步时间:

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    systemctl status systemd-timesyncd

可以看到同步过程:

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...
May 01 22:38:36 pi1 systemd[1]: Starting Network Time Synchronization...
May 01 22:38:37 pi1 systemd[1]: Started Network Time Synchronization.
May 01 22:38:37 pi1 systemd-timesyncd[23922]: Synchronized to time server 192.168.6.11:123 (192.168.6.11).

参考