一般来说, 挂载存储都是把一个PV挂载到一个路径, 挂载后此路径下原来的文件就会不见, 只能看到挂载后的文件, 和在Linux下挂载磁盘是一样的. 那么现在有个需求:

需求

此服务是java程序, 数据库使用的是内嵌的h2 database, 下图中的两个文件就是数据库的文件. 这两个文件是存在于根目录下的, 假设此程序数据库文件是代码写死的(真实情况是: 数据库路径是可以更改的), 现在要部署到kubernetes中, 并对数据库做持久化.
image.png

使用subpath

根据之前挂载configmap到单个文件的经验, 我们应该使用subpath来挂载, 先创建好pvc, yml如下

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apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: metabase-pvc
spec:
storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi

statefulset的配置

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spec:
replicas: 1
serviceName: "metabase"
selector:
matchLabels:
app: metabase
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: metabase
spec:
containers:
- image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/iuxt/metabase:test
name: metabase
volumeMounts:
- name: metabase-pv
mountPath: /metabase.db.mv.db
subPath: metabase.db.mv.db
- name: metabase-pv
mountPath: /metabase.db.trace.db
subPath: metabase.db.trace.db
volumes:
- name: metabase-pv
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: metabase-pvc

但是这样挂载后, 容器内的metabase.db.mv.db和metabase.db.trace.db是目录, 并不是文件, 程序也自然无法启动.

subpath原理

下面是绑定 subPath 的源码部分,我们可以看到下面的 t.Model()&os.ModeDir 部分,如果 subPath 是一个文件夹的话就会去创建这个文件夹,如果是文件的话就进行单独挂载。

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func doBindSubPath(mounter Interface, subpath Subpath, kubeletPid int) (hostPath string, err error) {
...
// Create target of the bind mount. A directory for directories, empty file
// for everything else.
t, err := os.Lstat(subpath.Path)
if err != nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("lstat %s failed: %s", subpath.Path, err)
}
if t.Mode() & os.ModeDir > 0 {
if err = os.Mkdir(bindPathTarget, 0750); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating directory %s: %s", bindPathTarget, err)
}
} else {
// "/bin/touch <bindDir>".
// A file is enough for all possible targets (symlink, device, pipe,
// socket, ...), bind-mounting them into a file correctly changes type
// of the target file.
if err = ioutil.WriteFile(bindPathTarget, []byte{}, 0640); err != nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating file %s: %s", bindPathTarget, err)
}
}
...
}

那么我们可不可以通过手动创建好文件来实现需求, 答案是可以的. 你可以自己测试下, 但是在存储中手动创建文件也太不优雅了..

使用init container来自动创建空文件

init container非常适合来做这件事, 那么完整的yaml文件如下:

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apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
labels:
name: metabase-StatefulSet
name: metabase
spec:
replicas: 1
serviceName: "metabase"
selector:
matchLabels:
app: metabase
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: metabase
spec:
initContainers:
- name: init
image: busybox:1.28
command: ['sh', '-c', "touch /metabase/metabase.db.mv.db /metabase/metabase.db.trace.db"]
volumeMounts:
- name: metabase-pv
mountPath: /metabase
volumes:
- name: metabase-pv
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: metabase-pvc
containers:
- image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/iuxt/metabase:test
name: metabase
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
protocol: TCP

volumeMounts:
- name: metabase-pv
mountPath: /metabase.db.mv.db
subPath: metabase.db.mv.db
- name: metabase-pv
mountPath: /metabase.db.trace.db
subPath: metabase.db.trace.db
- name: metabase-pv
mountPath: /metabase/plugins
subPath: plugins
volumes:
- name: metabase-pv
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: metabase-pvc
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: metabase
name: metabase
spec:
ports:
- port: 3000
targetPort: 3000
selector:
app: metabase
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: metabase
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
spec:
ingressClassName: intranet
tls:
- hosts:
- metabase.i.com
secretName: i-com
rules:
- host: metabase.i.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
pathType: ImplementationSpecific
backend:
service:
name: metabase
port:
number: 3000

这样完美解决了问题, 并且不会影响到目录下的其他文件.